Justine Wilhelmine Devantier

1827 -    Has 34 ancestors and 2 descendants in this family tree.

Wilhelmine Fredericke Dorothea Devantier

1821 -

Birth	13 Dec 1821	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Died	Logan,Queensland, Australia
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Maria Christine Mark,   b. 1789
Married	1819	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Family 1	Father Unknown
Married	Not Married
Children	+ 1. Ernst Frederick Herman Devantier,   b. 22 Apr 1857, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   2. Wilhelm Friederich Devantier,   b. 19 Jun 1859, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Family 2	Johan Frederick Wilhelm Gierke,   b. 1825, Klein Fredenwalde, Germany
Married	1863	Uckermark, Germany
Children	1. Auguste Gierke + 2. Ernestine Wilhelmine Auguste Gierke,   b. 1867, Uckermark, Germany

Father Unknown

Family	Wilhelmine Fredericke Dorothea Devantier,   b. 13 Dec 1821, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Married	Not Married
Children	+ 1. Ernst Frederick Herman Devantier,   b. 22 Apr 1857, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   2. Wilhelm Friederich Devantier,   b. 19 Jun 1859, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany

Johan Frederick Wilhelm Gierke

1825 - 1913  (88 years)

Birth	1825	Klein Fredenwalde, Germany
Died	30 Jun 1913	Logan,Queensland, Australia
Buried	Logan,Queensland, Australia
Father	Johann Peter Gierke
Mother	Marie Dorothea Kutz
Family	Wilhelmine Fredericke Dorothea Devantier,   b. 13 Dec 1821, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Married	1863	Uckermark, Germany
Children	1. Auguste Gierke + 2. Ernestine Wilhelmine Auguste Gierke,   b. 1867, Uckermark, Germany

Friedrich Wilhelm Devantier

1824 - 1887  (63 years)

Birth	9 Feb 1824	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Died	8 Oct 1887	King Williams Town, South Africa
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Maria Christine Mark,   b. 1789
Married	1819	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Family 1	Wilhelmine Johanne Louise Hildebrand,   b. 1826
Married	1854	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Children	1. Marie Devantier,   b. 1853, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   2. Carl August Friedrich Wilhelm Devantier,   b. 6 Apr 1856, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Family 2	Pauline Wilhelmine Henriette Schmidt,   b. 1 Dec 1824, Zuesedom, Germany
Children	1. Lucas August Devantier,   b. 26 Dec 1857, Zerrenthin, Uckermark, Germany + 2. Lydia Devantier,   b. Feb 1859, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa + 3. Markus Devantier,   b. 31 Jul 1860, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa   4. Martha Devantier,   b. 1862, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa + 5. Johannes Devantier,   b. 15 Nov 1863, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa + 6. Elizabeth Devantier,   b. 1867, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Wilhelmine Johanne Louise Hildebrand

1826 - 1856  (30 years)

Birth	1826
Died	17 May 1856	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Family	Friedrich Wilhelm Devantier,   b. 9 Feb 1824, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Married	1854	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Children	1. Marie Devantier,   b. 1853, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   2. Carl August Friedrich Wilhelm Devantier,   b. 6 Apr 1856, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany

Pauline Wilhelmine Henriette Schmidt

1824 -

Birth	1 Dec 1824	Zuesedom, Germany
Died	South Africa
Family	Friedrich Wilhelm Devantier,   b. 9 Feb 1824, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Children	1. Lucas August Devantier,   b. 26 Dec 1857, Zerrenthin, Uckermark, Germany + 2. Lydia Devantier,   b. Feb 1859, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa + 3. Markus Devantier,   b. 31 Jul 1860, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa   4. Martha Devantier,   b. 1862, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa + 5. Johannes Devantier,   b. 15 Nov 1863, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa + 6. Elizabeth Devantier,   b. 1867, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Justine Wilhelmine Devantier

1827 -

Nickname	Auguste
Birth	20 Aug 1827	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Maria Christine Mark,   b. 1789
Married	1819	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Family	Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Eggert,   b. 1826, Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Married	1852	Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Children	1. Wilhelm Friedrich August Christian Eggert,   b. 27 Jan 1858, Trampe, Germany   2. Bertha Johanna Henriette Eggert,   b. 1 Feb 1867, Brüssow, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany

Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Eggert

1826 -

Birth	1826	Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Father	Christopher Eggert
Family	Justine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 20 Aug 1827, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Married	1852	Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Children	1. Wilhelm Friedrich August Christian Eggert,   b. 27 Jan 1858, Trampe, Germany   2. Bertha Johanna Henriette Eggert,   b. 1 Feb 1867, Brüssow, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany

Wilhelm Friedrich Devantier

1839 - 1841  (1 year)

Birth	19 Nov 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Died	21 Mar 1841	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Marie Elisaberth Zempke,   b. ca 1811
Married	13 Mar 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany

Ernestine Wilhelmine Devantier

1841 - 1904  (62 years)

Birth	3 Jun 1841	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Died	1904	Schmölln, Kreis Prenzlau, Uckermark, Germany
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Marie Elisaberth Zempke,   b. ca 1811
Married	13 Mar 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Children	1. Ernestine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 13 Jan 1871, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   2. Anna Auguste Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 16 Sep 1873, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany

Christian Friedrich Devantier

1843 - 1843  (0 years)

Birth	24 Feb 1843	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Died	14 Sep 1843	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Marie Elisaberth Zempke,   b. ca 1811
Married	13 Mar 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany

Ernst Friedrich Hermann Devantier

1844 - 1901  (57 years)

Birth	5 Sep 1844	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Died	21 Sep 1901	Caboolture, Queensland, Australia
Buried	Caboolture Cemetery, Caboolture Shire, Queensland, Australia
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Marie Elisaberth Zempke,   b. ca 1811
Married	13 Mar 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Family	Wilhelmina Louise Vieritz,   b. 1848, Schonfeld, Prenzlau, Uckermark, Germany
Married	27 Jun 1875	Schonfeld, Prenzlau, Uckermark, Germany
Children	1. Marie Wilhelmina Ernestina Devantier + 2. Louise Augusta Devantier,   b. 8 May 1877, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   3. Anna Marie Auguste Devantier,   b. 14 Jul 1878, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   4. Louise Auguste Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 11 Mar 1881, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany + 5. Emilie Friederike Auguste Devantier,   b. 2 Mar 1882, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   6. Marie Wilhelmine Christine Devantier,   b. 1884, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   7. Marie Wilhelmine Auguste Devantier,   b. 8 May 1887, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany + 8. Ernest Devantier,   b. 4 Mar 1888, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia + 9. Rudolph Devantier,   b. 16 May 1890, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia

Wilhelmina Louise Vieritz

1848 - 1934  (86 years)

Birth	1848	Schonfeld, Prenzlau, Uckermark, Germany
Died	20 May 1934	Caboolture, Queensland, Australia
Father	Wilhelm Vieritz,   b. Schonfeld, Prenzlau, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Charlotte Engle,   b. 1821, Glausberg Pommerania, Germany
Married	1838	Schonfeld, Prenzlau, Uckermark, Germany
Family	Ernst Friedrich Hermann Devantier,   b. 5 Sep 1844, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Married	27 Jun 1875	Schonfeld, Prenzlau, Uckermark, Germany
Children	1. Marie Wilhelmina Ernestina Devantier + 2. Louise Augusta Devantier,   b. 8 May 1877, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   3. Anna Marie Auguste Devantier,   b. 14 Jul 1878, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   4. Louise Auguste Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 11 Mar 1881, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany + 5. Emilie Friederike Auguste Devantier,   b. 2 Mar 1882, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   6. Marie Wilhelmine Christine Devantier,   b. 1884, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   7. Marie Wilhelmine Auguste Devantier,   b. 8 May 1887, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany + 8. Ernest Devantier,   b. 4 Mar 1888, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia + 9. Rudolph Devantier,   b. 16 May 1890, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia

N.N. Devantier

1846 - 1846  (0 years)

Birth	18 Nov 1846	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Died	18 Nov 1846	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Marie Elisaberth Zempke,   b. ca 1811
Married	13 Mar 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany

Wilhelmine Caroline Devantier

1847 -

Birth	1847	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Marie Elisaberth Zempke,   b. ca 1811
Married	13 Mar 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany

Marie Louise Devantier

1849 -

Birth	15 Nov 1849	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Marie Elisaberth Zempke,   b. ca 1811
Married	13 Mar 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany

Auguste Friederike Albertine Devantier

1856 - 1939  (83 years)

Birth	11 Sep 1856	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Died	27 Oct 1939	Loyal, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA
Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Mother	Marie Elisaberth Zempke,   b. ca 1811
Married	13 Mar 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Family	Albert August Schöttler,   b. 3 Apr 1852, Grünberg, Brüssow, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany
Married	27 Oct 1878	Schwaneberg, Brandenburg, Germany
Children	1. Bertha Schöttler,   b. 29 Jul 1880, Schwaneberg, Brandenburg, Germany   2. Ernest William Schoettler,   b. 23 Aug 1882, Beaver, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA + 3. Anna Augusta Schoettler,   b. 9 Aug 1884, Beaver, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA   4. Herman W H Schoettler,   b. 16 Sep 1892, Beaver, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA   5. Edna Eva Schoettler,   b. 24 Oct 1897, Beaver, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA

Albert August Schöttler

1852 - 1926  (74 years)

Birth	3 Apr 1852	Grünberg, Brüssow, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany
Died	5 Dec 1926	Loyal, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA
Father	Friedrich Wilhelm Schöttler
Mother	Christine Dorothea Nickel
Family	Auguste Friederike Albertine Devantier,   b. 11 Sep 1856, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Married	27 Oct 1878	Schwaneberg, Brandenburg, Germany
Children	1. Bertha Schöttler,   b. 29 Jul 1880, Schwaneberg, Brandenburg, Germany   2. Ernest William Schoettler,   b. 23 Aug 1882, Beaver, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA + 3. Anna Augusta Schoettler,   b. 9 Aug 1884, Beaver, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA   4. Herman W H Schoettler,   b. 16 Sep 1892, Beaver, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA   5. Edna Eva Schoettler,   b. 24 Oct 1897, Beaver, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA

Pierre Devantier

Birth	La Gorgue, La Leu, Nord Pas de Calais, France
Family	Marguerite Le Conte
Children	+ 1. Jacob Devantier,   b. ca 1611, La Gorgue, La Leu, Nord Pas de Calais, France   2. Marguerite Devantier,   b. 1616, La Gorgue, La Leu, Nord Pas de Calais, France   3. Matheus Devantier,   b. 1619, La Gorgue, La Leu, Nord Pas de Calais, France

Maria Christine Mark

1789 - 1837  (48 years)

Birth	1789
Died	19 Jul 1837	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Father	Christian Friedrich Marks
Family	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Married	1819	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Children	+ 1. Wilhelmine Fredericke Dorothea Devantier,   b. 13 Dec 1821, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany + 2. Friedrich Wilhelm Devantier,   b. 9 Feb 1824, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany + 3. Justine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 20 Aug 1827, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany

Christian Frederick Devantier

1794 - 1877  (83 years)

Birth	1794	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Died	22 Mar 1877	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Father	Pierre Devantier,   b. 26 Oct 1761, Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Mother	Elizabeth Neumann,   b. 27 Apr 1771, Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Married	12 Dec 1790	Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Family 1	Maria Christine Mark,   b. 1789
Married	1819	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Children	+ 1. Wilhelmine Fredericke Dorothea Devantier,   b. 13 Dec 1821, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany + 2. Friedrich Wilhelm Devantier,   b. 9 Feb 1824, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany + 3. Justine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 20 Aug 1827, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Family 2	Marie Elisaberth Zempke,   b. ca 1811
Married	13 Mar 1839	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Children	1. Wilhelm Friedrich Devantier,   b. 19 Nov 1839, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany + 2. Ernestine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 3 Jun 1841, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   3. Christian Friedrich Devantier,   b. 24 Feb 1843, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany + 4. Ernst Friedrich Hermann Devantier,   b. 5 Sep 1844, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   5. N.N. Devantier,   b. 18 Nov 1846, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   6. Wilhelmine Caroline Devantier,   b. 1847, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   7. Marie Louise Devantier,   b. 15 Nov 1849, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany + 8. Auguste Friederike Albertine Devantier,   b. 11 Sep 1856, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany

Maria Christine Mark

1789 - 1837  (48 years)

Birth	1789
Died	19 Jul 1837	Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Father	Christian Friedrich Marks
Family	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
Married	1819	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Children	+ 1. Wilhelmine Fredericke Dorothea Devantier,   b. 13 Dec 1821, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany + 2. Friedrich Wilhelm Devantier,   b. 9 Feb 1824, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany + 3. Justine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 20 Aug 1827, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany

Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Eggert

1826 -

Birth	1826	Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Father	Christopher Eggert
Family	Justine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 20 Aug 1827, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Married	1852	Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Children	1. Wilhelm Friedrich August Christian Eggert,   b. 27 Jan 1858, Trampe, Germany   2. Bertha Johanna Henriette Eggert,   b. 1 Feb 1867, Brüssow, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany

Wilhelm Friedrich August Christian Eggert

1858 -

Birth	27 Jan 1858	Trampe, Germany
Christened	21 Feb 1858	Trampe, Germany
Father	Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Eggert,   b. 1826, Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Mother	Justine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 20 Aug 1827, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Married	1852	Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany

Bertha Johanna Henriette Eggert

1867 -

Birth	1 Feb 1867	Brüssow, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany
Christened	24 Feb 1867	Brüssow, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany
Father	Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Eggert,   b. 1826, Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
Mother	Justine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 20 Aug 1827, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
Married	1852	Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany

• Name	Justine Wilhelmine Devantier
  Nickname	Auguste
  Relationship	with Pierre Devantier
  Birth	20 Aug 1827	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
  Gender	Female
  Siblings	1 brother and 1 sister
  + 1. Wilhelmine Fredericke Dorothea Devantier,   b. 13 Dec 1821, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany d. Logan,Queensland, Australia ▻ Father Unknown;   Johan Frederick Wilhelm Gierke,  m. 1863 + 2. Friedrich Wilhelm Devantier,   b. 9 Feb 1824, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany d. 8 Oct 1887, King Williams Town, South Africa  (Age 63 years) ▻ Wilhelmine Johanne Louise Hildebrand,  m. 1854 ;   Pauline Wilhelmine Henriette Schmidt + 3. Justine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 20 Aug 1827, Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany ▻ Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Eggert,  m. 1852
  Half-siblings	4 half brothers and 4 half sisters (family of Christian Frederick Devantier and Marie Elisaberth Zempke)
  1. Wilhelm Friedrich Devantier,   b. 19 Nov 1839, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany d. 21 Mar 1841, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany  (Age 1 year) + 2. Ernestine Wilhelmine Devantier,   b. 3 Jun 1841, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany d. 1904, Schmölln, Kreis Prenzlau, Uckermark, Germany  (Age 62 years)   3. Christian Friedrich Devantier,   b. 24 Feb 1843, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany d. 14 Sep 1843, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany  (Age 0 years) + 4. Ernst Friedrich Hermann Devantier,   b. 5 Sep 1844, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany d. 21 Sep 1901, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia  (Age 57 years) ▻ Wilhelmina Louise Vieritz,  m. 27 Jun 1875   5. N.N. Devantier,   b. 18 Nov 1846, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany d. 18 Nov 1846, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany  (Age 0 years)   6. Wilhelmine Caroline Devantier,   b. 1847, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany   7. Marie Louise Devantier,   b. 15 Nov 1849, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany + 8. Auguste Friederike Albertine Devantier,   b. 11 Sep 1856, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany d. 27 Oct 1939, Loyal, Clark county, Wisconsin, USA  (Age 83 years) ▻ Albert August Schöttler,  m. 27 Oct 1878
  Oldest Known Ancestors	Paternal Line: Pierre Devantier,   b. La Gorgue, La Leu, Nord Pas de Calais, France Maternal Line: Maria Christine Mark,   b. 1789   d. 19 Jul 1837, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany
  Person ID	I10011	Devantier Tree | German - Woddow Branch, Pierre Devantier (1693-1745) Branch, Decendant of Pierre Devantier (Born before 1600)
  Last Modified	25 Jan 2016

  
  

  Father	Christian Frederick Devantier,   b. 1794, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany d. 22 Mar 1877, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany (Age 83 years)
  Mother	Maria Christine Mark,   b. 1789   d. 19 Jul 1837, Cremzow, Uckermark, Germany (Age 48 years)
  Marriage	1819	Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany
  Age at Marriage	He : ~ 25 years - She : ~ 30 years.
  Family ID	F1592	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family	Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Eggert,   b. 1826, Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
  Marriage	1852	Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany
  Age at Marriage	She : ~ 24 years and 4 months - He : ~ 26 years.
  Children	1. Wilhelm Friedrich August Christian Eggert,   b. 27 Jan 1858, Trampe, Germany   2. Bertha Johanna Henriette Eggert,   b. 1 Feb 1867, Brüssow, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany
  Family ID	F3521	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	14 May 2016

  
  

• Event Map		Birth - 20 Aug 1827 - Carmzow-Wallmow, Germany Marriage - 1852 - Wallmow, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Germany  = Link to Google Earth
  Pin Legend	: Address       : Location       : City/Town       : County/Shire       : State/Province       : Country       : Not Set

  
  

• Documents

  Devantier Descendants 107 Devantier Huguenots in Uckermark and Denmark collected by Johanna Oqueka and Hans Wendt, Berlin and published in 1985